Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Solution and Analysis
Introduction
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is presently one of the most significant food chains worldwide. It was established by Henri Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times in 1866, a German Pharmacist who first released "Farine Lactee"; a mix of flour and milk to reduce and feed infants death rate.
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is now a global business. Unlike other multinational business, it has senior executives from different countries and tries to make decisions considering the whole world. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Analysis currently has more than 500 factories worldwide and a network spread across 86 countries.
Function
The purpose of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Corporation is to boost the lifestyle of individuals by playing its part and providing healthy food. It wants to help the world in forming a healthy and much better future for it. It also wants to encourage people to live a healthy life. While making sure that the business is being successful in the long run, that's how it plays its part for a better and healthy future
Vision
Nestlé's vision is to offer its customers with food that is healthy, high in quality and safe to eat. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times envisions to establish a trained workforce which would help the business to grow.
Objective.
Nestlé's objective is that as currently, it is the leading company in the food industry, it believes in 'Great Food, Good Life". Its mission is to supply its consumers with a range of options that are healthy and best in taste too. It is concentrated on providing the best food to its clients throughout the day and night.
Products.
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Solution has a vast array of products that it provides to its customers. Its products consist of food for babies, cereals, dairy products, treats, chocolates, food for pet and mineral water. It has around 4 hundred and fifty (450) factories all over the world and around 328,000 workers. In 2011, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times was listed as the most rewarding company.
Objectives and goals.
• Remembering the vision and mission of the corporation, the company has actually put down its objectives and objectives. These objectives and goals are noted below.
• One objective of the company is to reach absolutely no landfill status. It is working toward zero waste, where no waste of the factory is landfilled. It motivates its employees to take the most out of the by-products. (Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times, aboutus, 2017).
• Another objective of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is to squander minimum food during production. Usually, the food produced is lost even prior to it reaches the clients.
• Another thing that Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is working on is to improve its product packaging in such a method that it would assist it to lower those complications and would also ensure the delivery of high quality of its items to its consumers.
• Meet global standards of the environment.
• Construct a relationship based on trust with its consumers, service partners, employees, and government.
Important Concerns.
Just Recently, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Company is focusing more towards the strategy of NHW and investing more of its earnings on the R&D innovation. The nation is investing more on acquisitions and mergers to support its NHW technique. The target of the business is not achieved as the sales were expected to grow higher at the rate of 10% per year and the operating margins to increase by 20%, offered in Display H. There is a need to focus more on the sales then the innovation technology. Otherwise, it might lead to the decreased earnings rate. (Henderson, 2012).
Situational Analysis.
Analysis of Current Technique, Vision and Goals.
The existing Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times method is based on the idea of Nutritious, Health and Health (NHW). This technique deals with the concept to bringing modification in the client preferences about food and making the food things healthier worrying about the health problems.
The vision of this method is based on the key method i.e. 60/40+ which simply suggests that the products will have a score of 60% on the basis of taste and 40% is based upon its nutritional value. The products will be made with additional dietary worth in contrast to all other products in market getting it a plus on its nutritional content.
This strategy was embraced to bring more nutritious plus yummy foods and beverages in market than ever. In competition with other companies, with an intent of keeping its trust over consumers as Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Business has acquired more trusted by costumers.
Microenvironment Analysis (PESTEL Analysis).
The analysis utilized to measure the position of company in the market is done by utilizing PESTLE analysis, given up Display A. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times works under the rules and regulations directed by federal government and food authority. The business is more concentrated on its services and items to make certain about the product quality and security. This analysis will help in understanding environment of external market in the global food and beverage markets. (Parera, 2017).
Political.
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is significantly supported by Government to fulfill all the requirements of standards like acts of health and security. In efforts to manufacture great food, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Analysis is altering the standards of food and beverage manufacturing.
Economic.
Initiation of the business where the capital earnings of each private matters for the increased net sale as this varies country-to-country. The economy of the Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Business in U.S. is growing year by year with variable products launch particularly focusing on the nutritional food for infants.
Social.
The social environment continues altering with regard to time like the attitude of the customer as well as their lifestyles. Any services or product of any company can not achieve success up until the business is not worried about the living system of the customer. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is taking measures to satisfy its objectives as the world is in search of delicious and healthy food.
Technological.
In the development of company, strategic procedures are somewhat necessary. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is one of the leading well-known multinational firm and by time it invests in various departments to take its items to brand-new level. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is investing more on its R&D to make its products much healthier and healthy offering consumers with health benefits.
Legal.
There is no such effect of legal elements of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times as it is more worried over its regulations and laws.
Environmental
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times, in terms of ecological effect is committed to work in environmentally friendly environment with conservation of the natural deposits and energy. As due to the production of bigger variety of products there may be a hazard if the resources used are recyclable or not.
Competitive Forces Analysis (Porter's Five Forces Model).
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Analysis has actually gotten a number of companies that helped it in diversity and growth of its product's profile. This is the extensive explanation of the Porter's model of five forces of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Company, given in Exhibition B.
Competitiveness.
There is extreme competition in the market of food and beverages. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is one of the top company in this competitive industry with a number of strong competitors like Unilever, Kraft foods and Group DANONE. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is running well in this race for last 150 years. Each business has a certain share of market. This rivalry is not just limited to the cost of the product however also for quality, development and variation. Every industry is making every effort hard for the upkeep of their market share. However, the competitors of other business with Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Help is quite high.
Risk of New Entrants.
A number of barriers are there for the brand-new entrants to occur in the customer food market. Just a few entrants succeed in this market as there is a requirement to comprehend the customer need which requires time while current competitors are well aware and has actually progressed with the consumer loyalty over their products with time. There is low danger of brand-new entrants to Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times as it has rather large network of distribution globally controling with well-reputed image.
Bargaining Power of Providers.
In the food and drink industry, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times owes the biggest share of market needing greater number of supply chains. This triggers it to be a picturesque purchaser for the suppliers. Any of the supplier has never expressed any complain about price and the bargaining power is likewise low. In response, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times has likewise been worried for its providers as it believes in long-lasting relations.
Bargaining Power of Buyers.
There is high bargaining power of the purchasers due to fantastic competition. Switching expense is rather low for the consumers as lots of business sale a number of similar products. This seems to be an excellent risk for any company. Thus, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Help makes certain to keep its customers pleased. This has led Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times to be among the loyal company in eyes of its buyers.
Hazard of Replacements.
There has been a terrific threat of substitutes as there are replacements of a few of the Nestlé's products such as boiled water and pasteurized milk. There has likewise been a claim that some of its items are not safe to use leading to the reduced sale. Hence, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times began highlighting the health advantages of its products to cope up with the replacements.
Competitor Analysis.
It has actually ended up being the second largest food and beverage market in the West Europe with a market share of about 8.6% with just a distinction of 0.3 points with Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times attracts local clients by its low expense of the product with the local taste of the items preserving its very first location in the global market. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Help company has about 280,000 staff members and functions in more than 197 countries edging its competitors in lots of regions.
Note: A quick contrast of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times with its close competitors is given in Exhibition C.
SWOT Analysis.
The internal analysis and external of the business likewise can be done through SWOT Analysis, summarized in the Exhibit F.
Strengths.
• Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times has an experience of about 140 years, making it possible for company to much better perform, in different circumstances.
• Nestlé's has presence in about 86 countries, making it an international leader in Food and Drink Industry.
• Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times has more than 2000 brands, which increase the circle of its target customers. These brand names consist of child foods, family pet food, confectionary products, drinks etc. Famous brands of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times consist of; Maggi, Kit-Kat, Nescafe, and so on
• Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Analysis has big amount of costs on R&D as compare to its rivals, making the company to release more ingenious and nutritious products. This development offers the company a high competitive position in long run.
• After adopting its NHW Technique, the company has actually done big quantity of mergers and acquisitions which increase the sales development and enhance market position of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times.
• Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is a popular brand with high consumer's commitment and brand name recall. This brand loyalty of customers increases the possibilities of simple market adoption of different brand-new brands of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times.
Weak points.
• Acquisitions of those service, like; Kraft frozen Pizza company can give a negative signal to Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times clients about their compromise over their core proficiency of much healthier foods.
• The development I sales as compare to the business's investment in NHW Technique are rather different. It will take long to change the perception of people ab out Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times as a business selling nutritious and healthy items.
Opportunities.
• Introducing more health associated items allows the company to catch the market in which customers are quite conscious about health.
• Developing nations like India and China has biggest markets worldwide. For this reason broadening the market towards developing countries can boost the Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times organisation by increasing sales volume.
• Continue acquisitions and joint endeavors increases the marketplace share of the business.
• Increased relationships with schools, hotel chains, restaurants and so on can likewise increase the variety of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Analysis consumers. For example, instructors can suggest their trainees to buy Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times items.
Threats.
• Economic instability in countries, which are the possible markets for Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times, can create a number of issues for Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times.
• Shifting of products from typical to much healthier, leads to extra expenses and can result in decline company's profit margins.
• As Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times has a complicated supply chain, for that reason failure of any of the level of supply chain can lead the company to face specific issues.
Division Analysis
Group Division
The demographic segmentation of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Solution is based upon 4 elements; age, income, occupation and gender. For instance, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times produces several products associated with infants i.e. Cerelac, Nido, and so on and related to grownups i.e. confectionary items. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times products are rather economical by almost all levels, however its major targeted clients, in regards to income level are middle and upper middle level consumers.
Geographical Division
Geographical segmentation of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Study Analysis is made up of its presence in almost 86 nations. Its geographical division is based upon two primary aspects i.e. average income level of the consumer along with the climate of the region. For example, Singapore Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Business's segmentation is done on the basis of the weather of the area i.e. hot, cold or warm.
Psychographic Segmentation
Psychographic division of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times is based upon the personality and life style of the customer. For example, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times 3 in 1 Coffee target those customers whose lifestyle is quite hectic and do not have much time.
Behavioral Segmentation
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Analysis behavioral segmentation is based upon the attitude knowledge and awareness of the consumer. Its highly nutritious products target those consumers who have a health mindful attitude towards their usages.
VRIO Analysis
The VRIO analysis of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Company is a broad variety analysis supplying the organization with a possibility to obtain a practical competitive advantage versus its competitors in the food and beverage industry, summed up in Display I.
Belongings
The resources used by the Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times business are important for the business or not. Such as the resources like financing, human resources, management of operations and professionals in marketing. This are some of the essential valuable factors of for the identification of competitive benefit.
Unusual
The important resources utilized by Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times are expensive or even unusual. If these resources are commonly discovered that it would be much easier for the rivals and the brand-new rivals in the market to effortlessly move in competition.
Imitation
The replica procedure is pricey for the rivals of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Help Business. However, it can be done only in two different strategies i.e. product duplication which is produced and made by Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Business and launching of the substitute of the items with changing expense. This increases the danger of disruption to the recent structure of the industry.
Organization
This element of VRIO analysis deals with the compatibility of the business to place in the market making productive usage of its valuable resources which are difficult to mimic. Often, the advancement of management is totally dependent on the firm's execution technique and team. Thus, this polishes the skills of the company by time based on the decisions made by company for the progression of its tactical capitals.
Quantitative Analysis
R&D Costs as a portion of sales are decreasing with increasing actual amount of spending shows that the sales are increasing at a greater rate than its R&D spending, and permit the company to more invest in R&D.
Net Revenue Margin is increasing while R&D as a percentage of sales is declining. This indication also reveals a green light to the R&D spending, acquisitions and mergers.
Financial obligation ratio of the company is increasing due to its costs on mergers, acquisitions and R&D development rather than payment of debts. This increasing debt ratio pose a risk of default of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times to its financiers and might lead a declining share rates. For that reason, in regards to increasing financial obligation ratio, the firm needs to not invest much on R&D and must pay its existing debts to decrease the threat for financiers.
The increasing danger of financiers with increasing financial obligation ratio and decreasing share prices can be observed by huge decrease of EPS of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Help stocks.
The sales growth of business is likewise low as compare to its acquisitions and mergers due to slow understanding structure of consumers. This slow development likewise impede business to additional invest in its acquisitions and mergers.( Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Financial Reports, 2006-2010).
Keep in mind: All the above analysis is done on the basis of charts and estimations given up the Displays D and E.
TWOS Analysis.
TWOS analysis can be used to derive various strategies based upon the SWOT Analysis given above. A short summary of TWOS Analysis is given up Display H.
Techniques to exploit Opportunities utilizing Strengths.
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Help should introduce more innovative products by large amount of R&D Spending and mergers and acquisitions. It might increase the marketplace share of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times and increase the revenue margins for the business. It could also supply Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times a long term competitive advantage over its rivals.
The global expansion of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times need to be focused on market catching of establishing nations by growth, bring in more clients through customer's loyalty. As establishing nations are more populous than industrialized countries, it might increase the consumer circle of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times.
Strategies to Get Rid Of Weak Points to Make Use Of Opportunities.
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Analysis should do cautious acquisition and merger of organizations, as it could impact the consumer's and society's understandings about Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times. It needs to combine and acquire with those companies which have a market track record of healthy and healthy companies. It would enhance the understandings of consumers about Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times.
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times needs to not just spend its R&D on development, rather than it must likewise focus on the R&D costs over examination of expense of different nutritious products. This would increase cost performance of its products, which will result in increasing its sales, due to decreasing costs, and margins.
Methods to use strengths to conquer dangers.
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times needs to move to not just developing however likewise to industrialized countries. It ought to expand its circle to numerous countries like Unilever which runs in about 170 plus nations.
Methods to conquer weaknesses to prevent dangers.
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times must sensibly control its acquisitions to prevent the danger of misunderstanding from the consumers about Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times. It must get and combine with those nations having a goodwill of being a healthy company in the market. This would not just enhance the understanding of consumers about Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times but would likewise increase the sales, revenue margins and market share of Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times. It would also make it possible for the company to utilize its potential resources efficiently on its other operations instead of acquisitions of those organizations slowing the NHW method development.
Alternatives.
In order to sustain the brand name in the market and keep the consumer undamaged with the brand name, there are two options:.
Alternative: 1.
The Business should spend more on acquisitions than on the R&D.
Pros:.
1. Acquisitions would increase overall properties of the company, increasing the wealth of the business. Spending on R&D would be sunk expense.
2. The business can resell the gotten units in the market, if it fails to execute its technique. Quantity spend on the R&D could not be revived, and it will be thought about totally sunk cost, if it do not provide prospective results.
3. Spending on R&D provide sluggish development in sales, as it takes long period of time to present an item. Acquisitions provide quick results, as it supply the business currently established item, which can be marketed quickly after the acquisition.
Cons:.
1. Acquisition of company's which do not fit with the business's worths like Kraftz foods can lead the company to face mistaken belief of customers about Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times core worths of nutritious and healthy items.
2. Big spending on acquisitions than R&D would send a signal of business's inefficiency of developing ingenious items, and would outcomes in consumer's dissatisfaction.
3. Large acquisitions than R&D would extend the product line of the business by the items which are already present in the market, making business not able to present new innovative items.
Alternative: 2
The Company needs to invest more on its R&D instead of acquisitions.
Pros:
1. It would allow the company to produce more ingenious items.
2. It would offer the company a strong competitive position in the market.
3. It would enable the business to increase its targeted consumers by presenting those products which can be offered to an entirely brand-new market segment.
4. Innovative items will offer long term benefits and high market share in long run.
Cons:
1. It would decrease the revenue margins of the company.
2. In case of failure, the whole costs on R&D would be considered as sunk expense, and would affect the business at big. The danger is not in the case of acquisitions.
3. It would not increase the wealth of business, which might supply a negative signal to the financiers, and could result I decreasing stock prices.
Alternative 3:
Continue its acquisitions and mergers with substantial costs on in R&D Program.
Pros:
1. It would permit the company to present new innovative products with less risk of transforming the costs on R&D into sunk cost.
2. It would provide a positive signal to the financiers, as the total properties of the business would increase with its significant R&D spending.
3. It would not affect the earnings margins of the company at a large rate as compare to alternative 2.
4. It would offer the business a strong long term market position in terms of the business's total wealth along with in regards to ingenious items.
Cons:
1. Danger of conversion of R&D costs into sunk expense, higher than option 1 lower than alternative 2.
2. Danger of misunderstanding about the acquisitions, greater than alternative 2 and lower than option 1.
3. Introduction of less number of ingenious products than alternative 2 and high number of innovative items than alternative 1.
Suggestion
With the deep analysis of the above options, it is recommended that the business needs to choose the alternative 3 in order to keep a competitive position in the long run. As the alternative 3 would make it possible for the company to not just present ingenious and new items in the market it would likewise minimize the high expenses on R&D under alternative 2 and increase the earnings margins. It would enable the company to increase its share costs as well, as investors want to invest more in companies with substantial R&D costs and increase in the overall worth of the business.
Action and implementation Technique
Strategy can be executed efficiently by establishing specific short term in addition to long term plans. These strategies could be as follows;
Short-term Plan (0-1 year).
• Under the short term strategy Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Help must carry out various activities to implement its NHW technique efficiently. These activities are as follows;.
• Get the audit of its brand portfolio done, to analyze the core selling brand names, which create the majority of its earnings.
• Evaluate the current target market as well as the marketplace sector which is not include in the business's circle.
• Examine the existing monetary data to determine the quantity that ought to be spent on the R&D and acquisitions.
• Analyze the prospective financiers and their nature, i.e. do they want long term benefits (capital gain), or the desire early earnings (dividend). It would let the company to understand that just how much quantity ought to be invested in R&D.
Mid Term Strategy (1-5 years).
• Obtain those companies in which the company has prospective experience to handle. Obtain most beneficial organizations with a strong commitment to health, to build the consumer's perceptions in the right instructions.
• Focus more on acquisitions than R&D to build the base in the consumer's mind about Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times worths and vision and to prevent possible risk of sunk expense.
Long Term Strategy (1-10 years).
• Obtain companies with health along with taste factor, as the base for the Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times as a company producing healthy items has been built under midterm strategy and now the company could move towards taste aspect also to comprehend the consumers, which focus more on taste rather than health.
• Be more aggressive towards R&D than the acquisitions, as it is the considerable time to develop new products.
Conclusion.
Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times has actually remained the leading market player for more than a decade. It has institutionalized its strategies and culture to align itself with the marketplace modifications and consumer behavior, which has ultimately allowed it to sustain its market share. Though, Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times has developed considerable market share and brand identity in the metropolitan markets, it is suggested that the company ought to focus on the rural areas in regards to establishing brand awareness, loyalty, and equity, such can be done by producing a specific brand name allocation method through trade marketing strategies, that draw clear difference between Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times Case Solution products and other rival products. Singapore International Airlines Moving To A Flexi Wage System During Volatile Times should utilize its brand image of healthy and safe food in catering the rural markets and also to upscale the offerings in other categories such as nutrition. This will permit the business to establish brand name equity for freshly introduced and already produced products on a higher platform, making the effective use of resources and brand name image in the market.
